Net metering and self-consumption: which Greek businesses produce electricity

With net metering, that is energy offsetting for self-consumption, 2,907 Greek companies produce their own electricity, with 501 MW. Together with those that have a renewable energy (RES) station, an EV charger or an EU ETS permit, 10,655 companies in Greece have something energy-related in operation in their name. Half of them are not energy companies. They are hotels, bakeries, olive mills, supermarkets and wholesalers that installed panels.

I downloaded the three files of HEDNO, the Greek distribution network operator, the two of IPTO, the Greek transmission system operator, the 44,346 points of the geospatial map of RAAEY, the Greek energy regulator, the EU ETS registry and the charger file of MYFAH, the Greek registry of EV charging infrastructure. I matched them by name with GEMI, the General Commercial Registry. Of the 77,874 records, 43,144 found a company. The rest are mostly private individuals, who stay out of this article.

What they have

The 7,987 with a station have 12,645 MW in operation.

Half are not energy companies

Of the 10,655, 5,520 have their main activity in sector 35, that is the generation or trading of electricity. The other 5,135 do something completely different.

KAD is the Greek activity code, an extension of NACE. Of the other 5,135, 5,054 have an activity code that has no relation to electricity and 81 have no main activity code in GEMI.

Sector 35 holds 11,077 of the 12,645 MW. The other sectors have many companies with small installations: a hotel with 60 kW on the roof counts as one company, and so does a 44 MW wind farm. The only exception is engineering offices, with 116 companies and 272 MW. This is where ELLAKTOR is, with 162 MW.

What they do with the electricity separates the two groups clearly.

Seven in ten stations sell all they produce to the grid, and they hold 92.5% of the capacity. The 3,355 net metering stations are one quarter of the stations and only 4% of the MW: net metering is many small roofs. The other forms include 186 self-generation stations with simultaneous self-consumption and 180 with virtual net metering, that is production at a different point from consumption. Storage is eight stations, 193 MW, and is only starting.

Why it pays

A business in Greece that consumes 20 to 500 MWh a year paid €0.22 per kWh without VAT in the second half of 2025, the same as the EU average. Of this, €0.038 is taxes and levies. From 500 to 2,000 MWh the price falls to €0.17, about 5% below the EU. Each kWh that the business produces and consumes on its own is a kWh that it does not buy at this price.

Self-generation belongs to tourism and food

In net metering, where the business produces for its own consumption, the ranking changes completely. Accommodation first, then food processing.

In total 2,907 companies with 501 MW. This is the category with the widest spread: small amounts per business, in every sector that pays an electricity bill.

By capacity, the top places go to three energy communities that produce for their members: ENOPTRON with 8,991 kW, VIRTUAL SUN CRETE with 8,750 kW and AEIFOROS DIADRASI with 7,990 kW. Without the energy companies, the first is a motorway.

The ten have 51,287 kW, 10.2% of the self-generation of all companies. The two supermarket chains have the most stations, 26 for Lidl and 22 for Sklavenitis. Unipak comes third with only one station of 6,360 kW in Stylida.

Who holds the capacity

The top ten groups hold 19.4% of the MW in operation, the top twenty 28.0% and the top hundred 50.1%. The other half is spread over about 7,800 groups.

This ranking has a hard limit, and it is the most important point of the article: the shareholders of Greek SAs are not published in GEMI. I joined only companies that share a brand in their name, with a table written by hand. The real group behind each row is larger or equal, never smaller. The concentration that the table shows is the lower bound.

The same shows in the shape of the companies. At the top there are no groups with many parks. There are single-project companies: ENIPEAS has one 360 MW station and nothing else. It is common for each park to have its own company, with its own VAT number.

Where the stations are

Boeotia, Larissa, Kozani, Euboea and Phthiotis hold 5,325 of the 12,645 MW. The Aegean islands have almost zero: all together, the Cyclades, the Dodecanese and the North Aegean, 117 MW.

The registered seat of the company tells a different story from the station. 2,986 of the 10,655 companies have their seat in Attica, 2,073 in Central Macedonia, 1,008 in Crete. In station MW, Attica is eighth. The electricity is produced in the provinces, the companies sign in Athens.

Age and size

The youngest companies are fewer and hold the most MW. This does not mean new players came in. It means that the large projects of the last five years were set up in new special purpose vehicles.

On size, 4,682 of the 10,655 do not publish financial statements, so they have no revenue to show. Of those that publish, 2,102 have revenue below €100,000 and hold 1,682 MW. A single-park company has income only from the sale of electricity and almost zero staff, so revenue says nothing about the size of the project.

Chargers: 41 companies, 12,461 points

The MYFAH registry has 8,011 locations. 4,749 matched a company, but only across 41 companies, because the operators are a few large chains. The host, that is the shop or hotel where the charger sits, is recorded with a trade name ("MASOUTIS", "GALAXIAS") and matches only if the brand is on a manual list.

Methodology

Sources: HEDNO files of May 2026 (RES and high-efficiency CHP, net metering and virtual net metering), IPTO files of April 2026, the RAAEY geospatial map, the EU ETS registry of operators with verified emissions for 2025 and the MYFAH file. Retrieved 17 to 19 September 2026, matched with GEMI on 3 October 2026.

Electricity prices are from Eurostat (nrg_pc_205), for non-household consumers, without VAT and recoverable taxes, retrieved 6 October 2026. The comparison is for the second half of 2025, because the EU average for the first half of 2026 is not out yet. Greece in the first half of 2026 is at €0.221 for 20 to 500 MWh.

None of these sources publishes a VAT number or GEMI number, except EU ETS. The link to the company is made by matching names. Chargers are the exception: there the name is a trade name, so only brands on a manual list with a VAT number from a primary source match.

The result becomes a filter in the advanced search, together with sector, regional unit and revenue, and each company shows its stations on its profile, in the "Energy" field.

MW in operation are counted once per station: HEDNO and IPTO first, RAAEY only for the 3,661 companies that do not appear in the first two. Solar stations with an operating licence at RAAEY are far fewer than those that actually operate, so RAAEY is not the first source.

Whatever did not match always pulls the result down. The 34,730 records without a company are mostly natural persons, but they also contain companies with a name that was not read. Every number here is a lower bound. The same holds for natural gas, which is not here at all: neither DEPA, the Greek gas company, nor the distribution companies publish which businesses are connected.